Carro elétrico: autonomia de bateria cai com o tempo, mas pode ser menos do que se imagina - Motor Show

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14/02/2025 - 6:50

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O carro elétrico, em tese, é muito mais econômico e barato em relação ao modelo a combustão. Mas uma questão sempre paira na cabeça de qualquer um que pretende investir em uma opção que vai na tomada: a bateria. Ela perde potência? Em quanto tempo?

Para descobrir quanto tempo ocorre uma possível degradação das baterias dos carros elétricos, o site britânico Which?, que avalia produtos e serviços, realizou uma pesquisa com consumidores de carros.

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As baterias ‘viciam’?

De acordo com o levantamento, assim como todas as baterias, as células que alimentam um automóvel elétrico se degradam com o tempo.

Especialistas da Which? entrevistaram mais de 3.595 proprietários de veículos elétricos para entender o quanto a autonomia de seus carros diminuiu ao longo do tempo.

Os resultados mostram que para carros comprados há sete anos (2017-2018) a autonomia média diminuiu em 7%. Para quem adquiriu em 2023-2024, houve uma redução de 3% (veja a tabela abaixo).

2023-2024 – 97%
2021-2022 – 97%
2019-2020 – 96%
2017-2018 – 93%

Ou seja, no primeiro cenário, se o veículo tinha 290 km de autonomia (média dos carros avaliados), após sete anos ele ficou com 269,7 km. Para o segundo modelo, a autonomia da bateria caiu para 281,3 km.

Carro elétrico: vendas dos EVs apresentaram desaceleração em todo mundo em 2024 (Crédito: Divulgação)

Garantias e reparos de baterias

De forma geral, as montadoras oferecem uma garantia de até oito anos para as baterias de carros elétricos;
Os termos da garantia também podem exigir que um limite específico de alcance seja atendido;
Alguns fabricantes também se comprometem que, se a “saúde” da bateria estiver abaixo de 70%, o consumidor tem direito a uma substituição gratuita;
Algumas montadoras já contam com serviços de reparos dos módulos das baterias, em que não é preciso substituir tudo.

Metodologia

A pesquisa Which? Car survey 2024 foi realizada entre abril e junho de 2024, com base em 3.595 proprietários de veículos elétricos que compraram seus carros novos e relataram a autonomia atual do carro em comparação a quando o compraram pela primeira vez.

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